ABSTRACT
Background: Prior studies indicated a decrease in the incidences of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) during the early stages of the COVID- 19 pandemic. We evaluated differences in the incidence, severity of SAH presentation, and ruptured aneurysm treatment modality during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the preceding year. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 49 countries and 187 centers. We recorded volumes for: COVID-19 hospitalizations, SAH hospitalizations, Hunt-Hess Grade, coiling, clipping, and aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) in-hospital mortality. Diagnoses were identified by ICD-10 codes or stroke databases from January 2019 to May 2021. Results: Over the study period, there were 16,247 aSAH admissions, 344,491 COVID-19 admissions, 8,300 coiling and 4,240 aneurysmal clipping procedures. Declines were observed in aSAH admissions (-6.4% [95%CI -7,-5.8];p=0.0001) during the first year of the pandemic compared to the prior year, most pronounced in high-volume SAH and highvolume COVID-19 hospitals. There was a trend towards a decline in mild and moderate presentation of aSAH (mild: -5%[-5.9,-4.3], p=0.06;moderate: -8.3%[-10.2,-6.7], p=0.06) but no difference in higher SAH severity. The clipping rate remained unchanged (30.7% vs. 31.2%, p=0.58), whereas coiling increased (53.97%vs.56.5%, p=0.009). There was no difference in aSAH in-hospital mortality rate (19.1% vs 20.1%,p=0.12). Conclusion: During the first year of the pandemic, there was a decrease in aSAH admissions volume driven by a decrease in mild to moderate presentation of aSAH. There was an increase in the coiling rate, but no change in clipping rate, nor change in aSAH in-hospital mortality.
ABSTRACT
According to the CDC, COVID-19 most commonly spreads during close contact. Although the cleaners are disinfecting the public places where they are expected to have been contacted, it is still difficult to know exactly which areas have been touched and wiped out. We devised combined methods of detecting touched and wiped areas by people, using both thermal and imaging cameras. It detects the changes of temperature when people touched or wiped in about 3 seconds. To improve the accuracy, we utilize object recognition for humans from imaging cameras as a method of filtering. All marks are tracked and calculated, to disclose which areas are still remaining as touched areas, revealing the information to anyone who wants to know. © 2021 ACM.
ABSTRACT
Due to ongoing pandemic, majority of the academic teaching is executed on online platforms, leading to extended screen time. Anecdotal evidence suggests long-term ophthalmic impact of extended screen time. Present study was carried out to document eye related problems amongst adult university/college students undertaking online classes to document the effects of online teaching. An online survey method was undertaken in the month of July, 2020 amongst university/ college students of Gujarat using google form. All possible social media platforms were used to collect the data from students of Gujarat. Epi Info and SPSS were used and both descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. A total of 620 students from the various streams participated in the study where around 56.5% were female respondents. The majority of students (88% of participants) had noticed eye problems out of that 39.1% of participants felt that online teaching as a reason. Headache (54.0%) was the most common problem experienced by the participants followed by Pain in eyes (34%) and Watering (26.3%). To conclude online teaching has led to increased eye strain and other eye-related problems in university/college going students and risk factors for severity included sessions attended per day, the distance at device kept, and the enjoyment level. In spite of the high incidence of ophthalmic issues, none of the respondents contacted any ophthalmologist for the same. © 2021, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications. All rights reserved.